Imyigaragambyo n’imvururu zakurikiye amatora muri Tanzaniya

Dar es Salaam, Ugushyingo 2025. Imyotsi yagaragaraga hejuru y’umujyi mu gihe abigaragambya bahuraga n’inzego z’umutekano. Ibyuka biryana mu maso byuzuye mu mihanda, amasasu yumvikana mu duce twuzuye abantu, kandi amabendera y’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi yamanutse mu kavuyo. Tanzaniya, yahoze ifatwa nk’igihugu gifite demokarasi ikomeye kurusha ibindi mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika, ubu iranyuze mu makimbirane akomeye ya politiki atigeze abaho mu myaka myinshi.

Impamvu yihuse y’ibi ni amatora rusange yo ku wa 29 Ukwakira, aho Perezida Samia Suluhu Hassan yatangajwe ko yatsinze ku majwi agera kuri 98%. Abayobozi b’amashyaka atavuga rumwe na leta bari barafunzwe cyangwa baraciwe mu matora, bigatuma ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), riharira byose. Imyigaragambyo yaturutse i Dar es Salaam, Mwanza na Zanzibar, irimo kurasa amasasu, gushyiraho amasaha yo kuguma mu rugo no guhagarika internet. Ishyaka Chadema ryavuze ko hari abantu amagana bishwe, mu gihe Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme yemeje ko hari abapfuye mu buryo bwemewe.
Ariko iyi mvururu ntirebana gusa n’amatora. Ni igisubizo cy’urugendo rurerure rwa politiki ya Tanzaniya, rwashushanyijwe cyane na Julius Nyerere, umubyeyi w’igihugu.

Ubusigi bwa Nyerere

Nyerere yahuje Tanganyika na Zanzibar mu 1964, ashinga Tanzaniya y’ubu, akayihuza n’amoko arenga 120. Politiki ye y’Ujamaa (socialisme africain) yashyiraga imbere uburinganire, uburezi n’ubuzima. Yagize uruhare mu kongera uburezi, guteza imbere serivisi z’ubuzima no gukumira intambara z’amoko. Ideoloji ye ya panafricanisme yateye imbaraga ibikorwa byo kwibohora ku mugabane w’Afurika, kandi ububasha bwe bw’inyangamugayo bwamuhesheje icyubahiro mu rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ariko politiki ye yasize n’inkovu. Déclaration d’Arusha yo mu 1967 yateje kwambura abantu ibikorwaremezo no kwimura abaturage ku ngufu. Ibi byari bigamije guteza imbere ubumwe n’iterambere, ariko byahungabanyije ubuzima bwo mu cyaro, bigabanya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, kandi bigatuma ubukungu bushingira ku nkunga z’amahanga. Politiki y’ishyaka rimwe (CCM) yaciye intege abatavuga rumwe na leta, ishinga umuco w’igitugu.

Icyambu cya Dar es Salaam, kikaba ari ihuriro rikomeye ry’ibikorwa by’ubwikorezi muri Tanzaniya ndetse no ku bihugu bidafite inzira z’inyanja nka Uganda, Zambia, u Rwanda, u Burundi na RDC, kiri kwaguka kandi imikorere yacyo yarazamutse.

Kuva ejo kugeza uyu munsi

Iyi myitwarire y’igitugu yakomeje gukura mu gihe cya John Magufuli (2015–2021), wari uzwi nka “bulldozer” kubera imishinga y’ibikorwaremezo n’ubukangurambaga bwo kurwanya ruswa, ariko anagabanya ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru. Umusimbura we, Samia Suluhu Hassan, yari yarasezeranyije gufungura inzira nshya, ariko amatora yo mu 2025 yerekanye ko inzira ari imwe: gukumira abatavuga rumwe na leta, gufata abavuga ukuri nk’abanyabyaha no gukoresha imbaraga z’inzego z’umutekano.

Ku rwego rw’ubukungu, Tanzaniya yakomeje kwiyongera ku kigero cya 6% ku mwaka, ishingiye ku buhinzi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikorwaremezo. Ariko inyungu ntizageze kuri bose: urubyiruko rwo mu mijyi rugarijwe n’ubushomeri n’ubuzima butizewe, naho abaturage bo mu cyaro bakomeje guhora mu bukene. Ibi byabaye isoko y’imyigaragambyo.

Ku rwego rw’imibereho, inzego z’ubutabera, komisiyo y’amatora n’inzego z’umutekano bifatwa nk’ibikoresho bya CCM. Ibyifuzo by’abaturage ba Zanzibar ku bijyanye n’ubwigenga byongeye gutera umwuka mubi.

Kuva ku gihe cy’icyizere cy’ubwubatsi bw’igihugu cya Nyerere kugeza ku myitwarire y’igitugu y’abamusimbuye, inzira ya Tanzaniya yagaragajwe n’ubumwe n’igitugu, iterambere n’ihagarara. Imvururu z’ubu ntizirebana gusa n’amatora ya Samia Suluhu Hassan, ahubwo ni isohoka ry’ibibazo byashibutse mu myaka myinshi ishize.

Références:
• Human Rights Watch – « Tanzanie : Meurtres et répression à la suite d’élections contestées » (4 novembre 2025)
• CBS News/AFP – « L’opposition politique tanzanienne dit que 700 personnes ont été tuées lors des troubles liés aux élections » (31 octobre 2025)
• Wikipédia – Manifestations électorales en Tanzanie en 2025
• Fondation Julius Nyerere – L’héritage nationaliste de Nyerere.