Iyinjiro ryihuse ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorano (artificial intelligence) n’irobotiki mu bukungu bw’isi ryagaragaje itandukaniro rikomeye mu miterere riri hagati y’ibihugu bibiri nka kigangara mu bukungu bw’isi. Nubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Ubushinwa byose bishyize imbere cyane gukoresha otomatiki mu bushobozi bwabyo bw’umusaruro, birigira kuri iri hinduka biturutse ku mpera zinyuranye z’urwego rw’ubukungu.
Ingamba za Washington zishingiye ku iterambere rya gahunda za mudasobwa (software), umusaruro w’ibigo, n’ubwongere bw’ubumenyi byagenewe koroshya imirimo y’ubwenge ikorerwa mu biro (white-collar knowledge work). Bitandukanye n’ibyo, ingamba za Beijing zishingiye ku kigero cy’abaturage, imigambi y’inganda iyoborwa na leta, n’iyinjiza ry’ibikoresho (hardware) rigamije imirimo y’amaboko mu nganda, mu mirima y’ubuhinzi, no mu mitsinsino y’itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa (supply chains).
Kuramba kw’Abaturage n’Umusaruro w’Ibigo
Ikwakira ry’ikoranabuhanga rya otomatiki ry’Ubushinwa mu buryo bukomeye n’umusingi wo gutabara abaturage. Kubera ko bufite abaturage bashoboye gukora bagabanuka n’igipimo gito cy’imbyaro, Beijing ihura n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibura ry’abakozi b’amaboko. Byongeye kandi, nk’uko bipimo by’abarangiza kaminuza bizamuka cyane mu gihugu hose, ibyo bisekuru bishya birushaho kwanga imirimo ya nyakabyizi mu nganda cyane cyane mu buhinzi ihemba make kandi isaba imbaraga z’umubiri.
Umwete wa Amerika ugana ku bwenge bw’ubukorano ukosorwa n’ipiganwa ry’isoko ryishyira rikazana n’igabana ry’imari. Bishyigikiwe n’isoko ry’abakozi ryoroshye n’iyinjira ry’abaturage rirambye, urwego rw’abikorera rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rukoresha ubwenge bw’ubukorano cyane cyane kugira ngo rwagure inyungu z’ibigo, rugabanye imirimo y’ubuyobozi, kandi ryihutisha imigendekere y’imirimo y’ubucuruzi.
Ariko, iyo bitagenzuwe, uyu mwete ushobora guhungabanya umuryango n’ubukungu.
Irobot ruri gutoragura inkeri mu nzu y’inkeri y’ikirwere (greenhouse) mu mujyi wa Jiande, mu ntara ya Guangdong mu majyepfo y’Ubushinwa, ku wa 9 Mutarama 2021. [Ifoto-Xinhua]
Nk’uko byavuzwe na Andy Jassy, Umuyobozi Mukuru (CEO) wa Amazon, avuga mu nama y’imbere mu kigo: “Biragoye kumenya neza aho ibi bizagarukira uko igihe kigenda, ariko mu myaka mike iri imbere, twiteze ko ibi bizagabanya umubare w’abakozi bacu bose b’ikigo uko tubona inyungu z’umusaruro biturutse ku gukoresha cyane AI mu kigo hose,” The Economic Times.
Imirongo y’Iterateranya n’Inyandiko z’Ibiro
“Ibyo mu 2025, inganda z’irobotiki z’Ubushinwa ziteguye kuba igicumbi cy’isi cy’ubuvumbuzi bw’ikoranabuhanga, gukora ibintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, n’imikoreshereze yatsindagiye. … Ubukana buriho bw’irobot z’inganda [bwiteze] kwikuba kabiri.” Biturutse mu “Mugambi wa 14 w’Imyaka Itanu w’Inganda z’Irobotiki,” washyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga ry’Amakuru y’Ubushinwa n’andi mashami. (Raporo ya China Justice Observer, Gashyantare 2022).
Ubushinwa bwashyize imbere mu buryo bufite gahunda ishoramari ryabwo mu koresha otomatiki mu isi y’ibifatika. Igihugu kugeza ubu kigize ibice birenga mirongo irindwi ku ijana by’ishyirwaho ry’irobot z’inganda ku isi buri mwaka kandi kigenzura ibice nka mirongo cyenda ku ijana by’ibyoherezwa ku isi by’irobot zisa n’abantu (humanoid robots). Guhera ku byambu by’ibikontineri bikora n’otomatiki byose muri Shanghai kugeza ku mashini zisarura z’irobot n’irobot zisa n’abantu mu nganda, ubwubatsi bw’Ubushinwa bwibanda ku gukoresha otomatiki mu mirimo y’amaboko nko gusudira, gutoranya, gukurura, guterateranya, n’ubuhinzi.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziyoboye isi mu koresha otomatiki muri gahunda za mudasobwa z’ubwenge (cognitive software automation). Aho gukoresha irobot z’inyamaboko zifatika mu mirongo y’iterateranya, ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga bya Amerika bishyira mu bikorwa gahunda z’ubwenge zikora n’otomatiki (autonomous software agents) mu miyoboro y’ibigo. Gahunda z’ubwenge bw’ubukorano bubyara ibishya (generative artificial intelligence systems) n’abasimbura bakora n’otomatiki b’umwihariko bari gufata imirimo yo kubyara gahunda za mudasobwa (code generation), gukora icyegeranyo cy’imari (financial modeling), gusuzuma inyandiko z’amategeko, gucunga serivisi z’abakiriya, n’isuzuma ry’ibanze rya muganga. Irobotiki zifatika muri Amerika zikomeje kwibanda ku mfuruka z’umwihariko zifite inyungu nyinshi, naho imirimo y’ubwenge yo mu biro ikorwa n’ikoranabuhanga niyo yibasirwa cyane n’ikoreshwa rya otomatiki.
Irobot zo guterateranya za FANUC zo muri Amerika | Ifoto ya FANUC
Kuzamuka mu Nzego n’Ubushobozi bw’Ubwenge
Ubushinwa burangiza imiliyoni y’abanyeshuri mu bumenyi (science), ikoranabuhanga (technology), ubwubatsi (engineering), n’imibare (mathematics) buri mwaka. Intego rusange ya leta ni ugukura abakozi b’abantu mu mirimo y’amaboko n’ukubajyana mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere by’ikoranabuhanga ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gukora n’isembura-buhanga (semiconductor fabrication), ubwubatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga ry’icyatsi (green technology engineering), uburezi, no mu serivisi zateye imbere. Mukugabanya imvune z’amaboko zisubiramo binyuze mu mishinga y’irobotiki, Beijing ishaka kwerekeza abakozi bayo b’abantu barushaho kwigishwa mu buvumbuzi bw’ubumenyi n’ubwubatsi bw’ibikoresho bitoroshye.
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abakozi bari guhindurwa binyuze mu bushozi bw’ubwenge. Aho kwimurira abakozi mu nzego nshya rwose, ibikoresho by’ubwenge bw’ubukorano bishizwemo gahunda kugira ngo byagure umusaruro w’abakozi b’ubumenyi basanzweho. Umukozi umwe utunganya gahunda za mudasobwa (software developer) ukoresha abafasha b’ubwenge batunganya gahunda ashobora kugera ku musaruro w’itsinda rito, naho umusesenguzi w’amategeko ukoresha gahunda z’indimi nini (large language models) ashobora gusuzuma amasezerano ibihumbi mu masaha make. Ibice byibandwaho bikomeje kuba gukuba kabiri ubushobozi bw’ubwenge bw’umuntu ku giti cye mu migenzo y’ibiro n’iy’umwuga.
Guhama kwa Leta n’Ukwishyira rikazana k’Isoko
Kubera ko leta ifite uruhare runini mu gucunga ubukungu, Ubushinwa buyobora ikoreshwa rya otomatiki bwibanda cyane ku bumwe bw’abaturage. Iyo ikoreshwa rya otomatiki ryihuse ryugarije inganda zashaje nko gucukura amakara cyane cyane gukora ibyuma bya kimeza, leta z’ibanze n’ibigo bya leta bigabanya umuvuduko w’ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Bifatanisha ikwakira ry’irobot n’imishinga yo kwigisha bundi bushya iterwa inkunga na leta, ishoramari mu bikorwaremezo by’akarere, n’ishyirwa mu mirimo y’urwego rwa leta kugira ngo birinde izamuka rya ghafla ry’ubushomeri mu karere rishobora gukura umutekano muke mu baturage.
Ubukungu bw’Amerika bushingiye ku buryo bw’isoko kugira ngo bwakire ihungabana ry’ikoranabuhanga. Ibigo bya Amerika bivugurura mu buryo bwihuse mukubona iterambere ry’ubwenge bw’ubukorano, kenshi na kenshi bivamo itunganywa ry’ibigo ryihuse mu nzego z’ubucuruzi zitari AI hamwe n’itangwa ry’akazi rikomeye mu bwubatsi bwa AI. Ibi birema ibidukikije by’abakozi bikora cyane kandi byoroshye gushyigikira ishingiye ku kwimuka kw’isoko, bishingira abantu ku kumenyera vuba ibyifuzo by’ibigo bihinduka.
🔗 Sources:
· 📄 Raporo ya Statista: Ishyirwaho ry’Irobot z’Inganda ku Isi ku Mwaka
· 📄 Raporo ya China Daily: Gukora Irobot zisa n’Abantu n’Ukwagura Umutsinsino w’Itangwa ry’Ibicuruzwa
· 📄 Isesengura ry’Ingamba rya CSIS: Ipiganwa ry’Ikoranabuhanga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Ubushinwa
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