Ese Katanga Niyo Intego Nshya ya AFC/M23?

Igihe helikopiteri z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zagurukaga mu gace k’imisozi k’ibirindiro bya Minembwe gatwikiriwe n’igihu ku itariki ya 24 Kanama 2026, zagejeje abagenzuzi mpuzamahanga mu gace k’urugamba rwari ruri guhinduka mu buryo bwihuse. Uku kuguruka kwagaragaje gutangizwa kumugaragaro ku buryo bw’ibikorwa bya itsinda rigari rishinzwe kugenzura Ibibazo mu Karere (Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism Plus – EJVM+), gahunda y’ikigenzura mu karere yagenewe gukora iperereza ku mirwano y’intwaro z’amabuye ziremereye, ibitero by’indege zitagira abapilote (drones), n’ifatwa ry’imishyikirano yo guhagarika imirwano yagendaga yiyongera muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

Biratangaje ko abagenzuzi mpuzamahanga batigeze basura Minembwe mu myaka irindwi aho imitwe ya gisirikare yari ikomeje gutera Banyamulenge. Vuba aha, ubwo leta — hamwe n’ingabo za Burundi, abacunguzi b’ingabo, n’imitwe ya FDLR — yafashe ijambo ku Twirwanireho, irashiriza ako gace indege za Sukhoi n’udushashi tw’ibitero (drones), igahitana, igakora ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, igakora ubujura, igatwara inka z’abaturage i Minembwe, nabo ntibaje. Baje gusa nyuma y’uko AFC/M23 yongeye gufata ako gace ku nshuro ya kabiri, nk’aho bari bategereje kureba uwari ukomeye ku butaka. Ni uburyarya bukabije. Uko byagenze kugaragaza neza icyo bamwe mu banyamuryango mpuzamahanga babona ko gifite agaciro muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo: amabuye y’agaciro, si abantu cyangwa ubumwe bw’imibereho.

Ubu bwirinzi bwaje bukurikira ibiganiro bikaze byabereye mu muhezo muri Suwisi kuva ku itariki ya 17 kugeza ku ya 21 Kanama, aho intumwa za leta ya Kongo n’ihuriro ry’inyeshyamba ryitwa Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC) – rimwe rigize umutwe wa March 23 Movement (M23) – zateguye umuyoboro w’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rigaragaza umwanzuro mu buryo bwemewe muri gahunda y’ibiganiro bya Doha byayobowe na Katari. Nyamara, n’ubwo abadiplomate bageraga ku musozo w’imbanzirizamushinga y’ibiganiro mu byumba by’inama by’i Burayi, ingendo za gisirikare ku butaka zagaragaje ko ingorane z’amayeri y’inyeshyamba zageraga kure cyane y’imisozi miremire yo mu gice cya Kivus zerekeza imbere mu ntara y’amabuye y’agaciro ya Katanga.

Intambara ihanganishije ihuriro rya Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC)/M23 n’ihuriro rya leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) yahindutse amakimbirane y’akarere arwanwa n’abandi (proxy conflict) agizwe n’inzego zitandukanye. Ku ruhande rumwe, Ingabo za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (FARDC) zikorana n’Ingabo z’u Burundi (FDNB), Abacanshuro (Abanyamerika, Abanyeburayi n’Abakomoka muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo), imitwe y ya ba Wazalendo, n’umutwe watsinzwe wasize ukoze jenoside wa FDLR (Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda) nka nkingi ya mwamba y’iryo huriro, nyuma y’igenda ry’ingabo za SADC mu byumweru bya mbere nyuma y’ifatwa rya Goma na AFC/M23. Bahanganye n’umutwe w’inyeshyamba wa AFC/M23 ufatanyije n’umutwe w’inyeshyamba wa Twirwaneho w’Abanyamulenge.

Icyongera uburemere kuri uru rusobe rushobora guturika ku bera ko Kinshasa yishingikirije cyane sosiyete z’abacanshuro b’abigenga. Mu masezerano y’akayabo k’amadorari magana ya za miliyoni akoranywe na Erik Prince, washinze sosiyete ya Blackwater, binyuze mu masosiyete nka Frontier Services Group na Vectus Global, amatsinda y’abashinzwe umutekano b’abigenga yashyizeho ibirindiro by’ibikorwa byabo biva mu bice nyamukuru d’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro byo mu Majyepfo bikagera mu birindiro byo mu Burundi no muri Uvira. N’ubwo mu ntirandugo byari bigamije kurinda ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’umuceri na kobalt muri Katanga, ibikorwa by’aba bacanshuro byaragutse cyane bigera bwo gukurikirana iby’itumanaho n’isagurabuzi (lojistiki) bya leta, gushyigikira uburyo bwo kurinda ikirere no kugaba ibitero, hamwe n’ibikorwa by’ibitero by’indege zitagira abapilote (drones) mu misozi miremire ya Minembwe utuwe n’abaturage b’Abanyamulenge.

Uburyo bw’ingabo bwarahindutse cyane mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga 2026, igihe ingabo z’inyeshyamba zigaba igitero gikomeye mu misozi yo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Hagati y’itariki ya 4 n’iya 6 Nyakanga 2026, imitwe ihuriweho ya Twirwaneho na AFC/M23 zafashe Point Zéro, gace k’imisozi k’ikimenyetso gikomeye mu gice cya Mwenga (agace ka Itombwe) cyari kimaze igihe kirekire gikora nka birindiro bikuru bya gisirikare biri imbere bya FARDC n’ingabo z’u Burundi (FDNB). Bitewe n’imbaraga z’intwaro z’amabuye z’imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa mortar zasunikwaga mu misozi miremire n’ibitero by’ingabo zirwanira hasi byateguwe mu buryo bwuzuye, ingabo z’ihuriro rya leta zarahunze, zivana no gufata ingwate imisozi irimo amayeri akomeye areba ku mihanda y’ubucuruzi y’ingirakamaro. Nyuma yo gufata Point Zéro, ingabo z’inyeshyamba zakomeje amayeri yazo mu bice bibiri bikomeye, byerekera mu Burengerazuba binyuze muri kariya gace k’ishyamba ry’intara za Kalehe na Mwenga, maze berekera mu Majyepfo banyuze ku nkombe y’Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika berekeza Kalemie ku mupaka n’intara yahoze ari Katanga. Ingabo zishinzwe umutekano muri Kalemie zongereye uburyo bwo kuba maso maze bashyira imipaka ku mihanda nyuma yo kubona impungenge z’uko abarwanyi ba AFC/M23 barimo kwinjira mu ntara ya Tanganyika kugira ngo bagabe ibitero ku mihanda y’ubwikorezi yo mu Majyepfo.

Ubu kwaguka mu Majyepfo no mu Burengerazuba byatewe no ku bw’iyongera ridasanzwe ry’ingabo n’ibikoresho by’igisirikare. Ku itariki ya 20 Nyakanga 2026, abayobozi ba AFC/M23 bakiriye ibirori bikomeye byo guha amashimweimitwe y’ingabo zo mu bwoko bwa infantry (abasirikare barwanira hasi) yari yiteguye urugamba mu birindiro byabo byamateka kuri Tchanzu mu ntara ya Rutshuru, bishimira ibirori byo guha amashimwe abasirikare bagera ku bihumbi icyenda barwanyi ba nshya bahuguwe mu mitwe y’ingabo idasanzwe. Ibi birori byayobowe n’umuyobozi w’igisirikare cy’uwo mutwe, Jenerali Sultani Makenga, byerekanye imitwe y’ingabo zo mu bwoko bwa infantry (abasirikare barwanira hasi) yari yiteguye urugamba, yajyanywe muri Congolese Revolutionary Army (Armée Révolutionnaire Congolaise – ARC), bikaba byaramaze kugeza imitwe yose y’ingabo muri iryo huriro mu barwanira kuri ibihumbi mirongo ine.

Guhera mu muryango w’amayeri, intambara hagati muri 2026 yaranzwe n’intwaro zigezweho zo mu rwego rwo hejuru (high-tech warfare) no kuzungurutsa ibirindiro hakoreshejwe imbunda ziremereye (artillery encirlements). FARDC yashyize mu bikorwa indege zitagira abapilote (combat drones) zo mu bwoko bwa CH-4 zatanzwe n’Ubushinwa n’izo mu bwoko bwa Turkish TAI Anka drones zatanzwe na Turkiya – zakorerwaga serivisi kandi zikayoborwa n’abacanshuro b’abigenga – kugira ngo bagabe ibitero byo mu ntera ndende ku birindiro by’inyeshyamba. Nk’igisubizo, ingabo za AFC/M23 zashyize mu bikorwa indege zitagira abapilote (combat drones) zo mu bwoko bwa Kamikaze (suicide drones) zishwanyaguza ibintu byose bakoze hagati y’ibisasu n’imitwe ya mortar mu misozi miremire kugira ngo bagabe ibitero ku birindiro bya leta.

Umutekano urambye wa Minembwe uzagera no kuri Kalemie, Kolwezi na Lubumbashi… Intego: ni ukujya mbere mu gace ka Fizi-Baraka, Uvira, Mwenga, Kalemie, Kolwezi na Lubumbashi tugaha umutekano urambye, tukaba biteguye kugera ku gihango cy’imperuka bitanze, niba bibaye ngombwa.

Mu buryo bwo kugaragaza ko uburyo bwo kurinda gace k’imisozi miremire bushyigikiwe n’uburyo bw’igisirikare bwo kwerekera mu Majyepfo kuri Kalemie, Kolwezi na Lubumbashi, Corneille Nangaa yagaragaje ubu buryo bwo kwerekera muri Katanga nk’ingabo idasanzwe yashingira kugarura umutekano n’uburyo bw’igisirikare bwubaka igihugu gishya guhera hasi. Bishamikiye kuri politiki ya Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ishyize imbere intambara, Alliance AFC/M23 igaragaza ko yiteguye kwerekera mu Majyepfo yera kuri Katanga, keretse niba ibiganiro bya Doha binyuze muri Katari muri Suwisi bishubijwe inyuma.

Inyuma y’uku kwerekeza muri kariya gace k’ubukungu bw’igihugu… harimo inyungu zikomeye z’ubukungu n’umutekano w’ikirenga. Kuri Alliance AFC/M23, amayeri y’inyeshyamba bwo kwerekera mu Majyepfo yera kuri Ruzizi Plains n’imisozi miremire yo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo fatwa nka gahunda yo guca umurongo w’ibiribwa cyangwa ibikoresho (supply corridors) bya FARDC, kuzungurutsa ibirindiro bya leta, no kugira ingwate direct control mu bice by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro by’ingirakamaro mu DRC.

Kuri Kinshasa, kohereza ingabo za leta zifatanyije n’amasosiyete y’abacanshuro b’abigenga n’FDLR ni ibintu by’ingirakamaro cyane mu kurinda ibice by’ubucukuzi bw’umuceri, kobalt na litiyumu muri Katanga, bitanga igice kinini cyane cy’umusaruro w’igihugu ukenewe mu gushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubwirinzi bw’igihugu, no gukiza, byanze bikunze, umuryango w’abategetsi uri ku ngoma mu DRC. Igihe ingabo za leta, mercenaries, n’imitwe y’inyeshyamba zirimo kugenda zigana ku mupaka n’intara ya Tanganyika, amaso yerekeye niba Katanga ari yo izakurikiraho, ubundi bikaba bihinduye umuriro w’inyeshyamba zo mu karere ugarura intambara muri Central Africa.